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Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene
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There is a possible association between the Trp64Arg polymorphism and insulin resistance (IR).
The ß3-adrenergic receptor (ß3-AR) is mainly expressed in adipose tissue and plays an important role in lipid metabolism and metabolic rate by mediating lipolysis and thermogenesis ( {{Walston J, Silver K, Bogardus C et al. Time of onset of NIDDM and genetic variation in the ß3-adrenergic-receptor gene. N Engl J Med1995; 333: 343–347}} ). Recently a missense mutation in the ß3-AR gene (Trp64Arg) has been shown in various groups and reported to be associated with an early onset of NIDDM, an increased capacity to gain weight, visceral fat accumulation, and clinical features of insulin resistance syndrome ( {{Widen E, Lehto M, Kanninen T et al. Association of a polymorphism in the ß3-adrenergic-receptor gene with features of the insulin resistance syndrome in Finns. N Engl J Med1995; 333: 348–351[Abstract/Free Full Text}} , {{Kadowaki H, Yasuda K, Iwamoto K et al. A mutation in the ß3-adrenergic receptor gene is associated with obesity and hyperinsulinemia in Japanese subjects. Biochem Biophys Res Commun1995; 215: 555–560}} , {{Sakane N, Yoshida T, Umekawa T et al. ß3-adrenergic-receptor polymorphism: A genetic marker for visceral fat obesity and the insulin resistance syndrome. Diabetologia1997; 40: 200–204}} , {{Silver K, Mitchell BD, Walston J et al. Trp64Arg beta 3-adrenergic receptor and obesity in Mexican Americans. Hum Genet1997; 101: 306–311}} )
Numerous studies have been conducted to examine the relationship between the ß3-adrenergic receptor Trp64Arg polymorphism and components of IR syndrome. However, the results have been inconsistent and have led to controversy about whether this polymorphism is associated with these clinical features. A recent meta-analysis demonstrated the moderate effects of the Trp64Arg polymorphism on IR in the Asian population and in obese and diabetic subgroups. ( {{Siyan Zhan and Suzanne C. Ho Meta-Analysis of the Association of the Trp64Arg Polymorphism in the ß3 Adrenergic Receptor with Insulin Resistance Obesity Research 13:1709-1719 (2005)}} )
Abstracts Trp64Arg polymorphism, body composition, insulin resistance and bioimpedance (BIA)
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