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dadamowiki A wikipedia of Dr. D'Adamo's research |
Rheology
See AlsoDescription
Rheology is the study of the deformation and flow of matter under the influence of an applied stress. The term was coined by Eugene Bingham, a professor at Lehigh University, in 1920, from a suggestion by a colleague, Markus Reiner. The term was inspired by Heraclitus's famous expression panta rei, "everything flows".
Scope
In practice, rheology is principally concerned with extending the "classical" disciplines of elasticity and (Newtonian) fluid mechanics to materials whose mechanical behaviour cannot be described with the classical theories. It is also concerned with establishing predictions for mechanical behaviour (on the continuum mechanical scale) based on the micro- or nanostructure of the material, e.g. the molecular size and architecture of polymers in solution or the particle size distribution in a solid suspension.
Rheology unites the seemingly unrelated fields of plasticity and non-Newtonian fluids by recognising that both these types of materials are unable to support a shear stress in static equilibrium. In this sense, a plastic solid is a fluid. Granular rheology refers to the continuum mechanical description of granular materials.
One of the tasks of rheology is to empirically establish the relationships between deformations and stresses, respectively their derivatives by adequate measurements. These experimental techniques are known as rheometry. Such relationships are then amenable to mathematical treatment by the established methods of continuum mechanics.
ABO polymorphism and effect on blood rheology
ABO blood group is one of the most significant polymorphic influences on blood haemorrheology (clotting and viscosity). ( {{Huraux C, Ankri A A, Eyraud D, Sevin O, Menegaux F, Coriat P, Samama CM. Hemostatic Changes in Patients Receiving Hydroxyethyl Starch: The Influence of ABO Blood Group. Anesth Analg. 2001 Jun;92(6):1396-1401.}} )
Associations between the ABO phenotype and variations in blood rheology have been also reported in high blood pressure ( {{Dintenfass L, et al. Dynamic blood coagulation and viscosity and degradation of artificial thrombi in patients with hypertension. Cardiovasc Res. 1970 Jan;4(1):50-60}} ), stress, diabetes ( {{Dintenfass L, et al. Genetic and ethnic influences on blood viscosity and capillaries in diabetes mellitus. Microvasc Res. 1977 Sep;14(2):161-72.}} ), heart attack, cancer and thyroid disease, kidney failure ( {{Dintenfass L, et al . Formation, consistency and degradation of artificial thrombi in severe renal failure. Effect of ABO blood groups. Thromb Diath Haemorrh. 1968 Nov 15;20(1):267-84.}} ) and malignant melanoma ( {{Dintenfass L. Some aspects of haemorrheology of metastasis in malignant melanoma. Haematologia (Budap). 1977;11(3-4):301-7.}} ). Virtually all have shown greater coagulation in blood group A versus other groups.( {{Dintenfass L, et al Effect of fibrinogen on aggregation of red cells and on apparent viscosity of artificial thrombi in haemophilia, myocardial infarction, thyroid disease, cancer and control systems: effect of ABO blood groups. Microvasc Res. 1975 Jan;9(1):107-18.}} )
There is evidence that the rheology of blood may play a role in a variety of chronic anxiety states. When compared to normal subjects, chronic depressive ( {{Dintenfass L, et al. Blood rheology in patients with depressive and schizoid anxiety. Biorheology. 1976 Feb;13(1):33-6.}} ) and schizoid patients had very significant differences in their blood rheology and in the ability of their red blood cells to aggregate. When patients having schizoid anxiety were compared to those having depressive anxiety, their ratio of albumin to globulin was increased. When patients were divided according to their ABO blood groups, significant differences were found in their albumin to fibrinogen ratio and their blood viscosity. This was particularly true for women who were type A and who suffered from depressive anxiety: their blood tended to be substantially ‘thicker’ and have higher amounts of serum proteins in it than women with similar depression who were blood type O. ( {{Dintenfass L, et al. Effect of stress and anxiety on thrombus formation and blood viscosity factors. Bibl Haematol. 1975;(41):133-9.}} )
Attribution- This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Rheology".
References
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