Kidney stones

also known as renal calculi, kidney stones are the result of crystallization of certain substances found in urine, including calcium, phosphate, oxalic acid, and uric acid. Stones may form in the urine collecting area (pelvis) of the kidney, as well as the ureters (narrow tubes connecting the kidney to the urinary bladder).




INDEX OF DEFINITIONS
ABO antibodies ABO blood group system AIDS
AI ATP Acetylation
Acid food Acidic Acute
Adjunct Adrenal glands Agglutinate
Alkaline Allele Alzheimer's disease
Amino acids Anaerobic Analog
Anemia Anencephaly Angina pectoris
Angiography (coronary) Ankylosing spondylitis Antagonist
Anti-streptolysin O Antibodies Anticoagulant
Anticonvulsant Antigen Antihistamine
Antioxidant Antiresorptive agents Asthma
Astrocytoma Ataxia Atherosclerosis
Atrophic gastritis Atrophy Autoimmune disease
Autosomal dominant Autosomal recessive Bacteria
Balance study Barrett's esophagus Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Bi-polar disorder Bile acids Bile
Biliary cirrhosis Bioavailable Biomarker
Biotechnology Blinded study Bone mineral density (BMD)
Buffer CREST syndrome Caffeine
Calcification Calories Cancer
Carbohydrate Carcinogenic embryonic antigen (CEA) Carcinogenic
Carcinoid syndrome Cardiomyopathy Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Carnitine Cartilage
Case control study Case reports Catalyze
Cataract Catecholamines Celiac disease
Cell membrane Cell signaling Cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebrovascular disease Cholecystitis Cholestatic liver disease
Cholesterol Cholinergic Chromosome
Chronic disease Cirrhosis Clone
Coagulation Cognitive Cold agglutinins
Collagenous matrix (of bone) Colon Colorectal adenoma
Complement Congestive heart failure (CHF) Controlled experiment
Cornea Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) Coronary artery
Coronary heart disease (CHD) Corticosteroid Cortisol
Creatine phosphate Crohn's disease Cross-sectional study
Cystic fibrosis (CF) Cystitis Cytochrome P-450
Cytokine DEXA DNA
DRI De novo synthesis Decarboxylation
Dementia Dental caries Depletion-repletion study
Dermatitis Diabetes (diabetes mellitus) Diabetic ketoacidosis
Diastolic blood pressure Differentiation Diffusion
Dimer Diuretic Double blind
Duodenal ulcer Dysbiosis E. coli: O157:H7
EAR Echocardiography Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Electrolytes Electron transport chain Electron
Element Enamel Endocrine system
Enzyme Epidemiologic study Esophagus
Etiology Excretion Factor VIII
Familial adenomatous polyposis Fats Fatty acid
Fortification Fracture Free radical
Fructose GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) GTP
Gall bladder Gallstones Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Gastrointestinal Gene Genome
Gluconeogenesis Glucose Glycogen
Grains HDL HIV
Hartnup's disease Heme Hemodialysis
Hemoglobin Hemolysis Hemolytic anemia
Hemorrhage Hepatitis Hereditary spherocytosis
Heterodimer Heterozygous Homocysteine
Homodimer Homologous Homozygous
Hormone Hydrogenation Hydroxyapatite
Hydroxylation Hyperparathyroidism Hyperthyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism Hypothyroidism In vitro
In vivo Indican Indo-European
Insoluble Fiber Insoluble Insulin
Ion channel Ion Isohemagglutinins
Isomers Jaundice Ketone bodies
LDL Lactose intolerance Lectin
Legumes Lens Leukemia
Lipids Lipoic acid Lipoproteins
Listeria Lp(a) lipoprotein Lumbar spine
Lupus Lymphocyte Macrocytic anemia
Macula Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Malabsorption syndrome
Malaria Malignant Melanin
Meta-analysis Metabolite Methionine
Methylation Migraine headache Minerals
Mitochondria Mucus Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Mutation Myelin Myocardial infarction (MI)
Myocarditis Myoglobin NIH
Naturopathic doctor (ND) Neolithic Neural Tube Defect (NTD)
Neurologic Neuropathy Neurotransmitter
Neutrophils Non-secretor Nucleic acids
Nucleotides Nucleus Observational study
One-carbon unit Onithene decarboxylase (ODC) Optimum health
Organic Osteoblasts Osteoclasts
Osteomalacia Osteoporosis Oxidative stress
PET scan Pancreas Panhemagglutinin
Parathyroid glands Parkinson's disease Pathogen
Peptic ulcer disease Peptide hormones Peripheral vascular diseases
Pernicious anemia Pharmacologic dose Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Phospholipids Phosphorylation Physiologic dose
Phytochemical Placebo Placental abruption
Placenta Plasma Platelet
Pneumonia Polyamines Polymorphism
Polyp Precursor Preeclampsia
Prevalence Prion Prognosis
Proliferation Prooxidant Prospective study
Prostaglandin Prostate Psoriasis
Pyruvate kinase deficiency Quartile Quintile
RDA RNA Randomized design
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Receptor
Rectum Redox reaction Reduction
Resorption Retina Rheumatoid arthritis
Riboucelotide Rickets Salmonella
Scavenge (free radicals) Scurvy Secretor
Seizure Serotonin Serum
Short bowel syndrome Sickle cell anemia Sideroblastic anemia
Small intestine Sorbitol Spina bifida
Sprue Status Steroid hormone receptor
Steroid Stress fracture Stroke
Substrate Supplement Systolic blood pressure
Tetany Thalassemia major Threshold
Trans fats Transcription Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Translation Tremor Triglycerides
Tuberculosis Typhoid UL
Ulcerative colitis Ultrasonography Vascular dementia
Vasoconstriction Vasodilation Vegetarian
Vertebral Vesicle Virulent
Virus Vitamin Water
Zoellinger Ellison syndrome mm Hg pH